The themes and moral values in “The Pearl” a novel by John Steinbeck

the themes and moral values of THE PEARL

Hope this notes I wrote about the novel, The Pearl,

will be beneficial to all our dear form 5 students for the coming SPM 2010

THE THEMES  IN THE PEARL..........

1.       Family love and loyalty

The theme of family love and loyalty is expressed through this close-knit family and conveyed throughout the story in the following textual evidences:

Ø  Kino showed his fatherly love when he desperately tried to look for a pearl in order to treat his son. Kino hears a song- The Song of the Family- which reinforces the feeling of warmth and safety of being a part of the family.

Ø  Juana showed her motherly love when she is willing to suck out the poison /venom from her beloved baby’s shoulder. Juana insists to follow Kino off to the ocean as she wants to prepare poultice, a traditional cure made of seaweeds. When Kino killed the intruder, Juana gives Kino strength and makes him feel like a man again.

Ø  The family bond is extended to include Apolonia and Juan Tomas’ four children. When Kino’s house is burnt down and they are in trouble, Juan Tomas and his whole family are there to support and give them shelter.

The strong bond of the family love and loyalty is sometimes threatened in several events in the novel by the presence of the pearl. However, it still survives till the end of the story. 
     

2.       Greed and selfishness

The theme of greed and selfishness emerge and begin to change the characters in the story when Kino found the pearl. Greediness and selfishness lead to destructiveness and disunity among the people of La Paz. This theme is portrayed through the following textual evidences:

Ø  The doctor refuses to treat Coyotito because of Kino’s poverty.  However, when the doctor realizes that Kino is going to be wealthy,  he offers his help to cure Coyotito. The doctor betrayed the nobility of his profession with no practice of medical ethics. Instead of curing Coyotito, he drugs him and made him suffer from an acute illness. Then the doctor returned and gives him the antidote so that he will be fine again. The greedy and selfish minded doctor is actually being hypocrite.

Ø  The pearl buyers conspire to cheat Kino into selling the pearl at a very low price. The pearl buyers plane to cheat him because of their greediness to make more profits out of the pearl. They take advantage on Kino as they know Kino is uneducated and ignorant. However, Kino feels that the pear buyers have plotted together not to offer him a high price for the pearl,  so he plan to sell the pearl in the city.

Ø  The attackers and the trackers attempt to steal the pearl. They are willing to commit crime to steal the pearl in order to get money. They do not have the feeling of guiltiness in their heart when they tried to fight to get the pearl.

Greediness and selfishness lead people into doing all kinds of evilness in order to achieve their goal.

3.       Oppression and discrimination.

The theme of oppression and injustice is portrayed clearly in this story. Oppression and injustice toward the underprivileged, poorer class by the first class, rich citizen has caused injustice.

Ø  The doctor considers Kino’s family as savage. He will not come to the settlement to treat Coyotito when he was stung by a scorpion.  He claims himself as a doctor and not a veterinarian

Ø  The servant is also an unbearable character as he looks down on his own race. He is proud to work in a better situation.

Ø  The pearl buyers think that Kino is foolish and ignorant. They look down upon Kino and treat him as person who is not knowledgeable.

 The oppression and discrimination cause disunity and disharmony among the rich and poor community in the area.

4.       Dream and hope

The discovery of the pearl by Kino has caused Kino and the others to dream and hope for better lives. They dream and hope for materialism satisfaction.

Ø  Kino hopes his only son Coyotito to receive proper education in order to flee from poverty and discrimination. He also hopes for a proper marriage ceremony in church with his beloved wife, Juana. He wishes to receive blessings from the priest and to be married solemnly. He also wishes to buy himself a new rifle, as a symbol of power  and wealth.

Ø  The doctor offers to keep the pearl but Kino refuses. Then he pretended to treat Coyotito in order to get the pearl. He wishes to possess the pearl and get money out of it. He sees himself in Paris, sitting in a restaurant waiting for the waiter to serve him wine.

Ø  The priest also dreams of wealth of the pearl. He wishes to repair the church.

Ø  The shopkeepers think of the goods that have not sold well.

Ø  The pear buyers hope to buy the pearl in a very low price.

Ø  The villagers hope that Kino’s wealth will indirectly change their lives for better.

The dream and hope in Kino and the others has cause their lives to be not peaceful .

5.       Evil and violence

Evil is one of mankind’s instinctive qualities which come from greediness and deception. Thus  it can lead to committing evil and violence.

Ø  The doctor refuses to treat Kino and Juana’s only son, Coyotito is shown  a symbol of showing humans are evil. He rejects to treat him as they are of different race and Kino does not have money. He has no sense of humanity.

Ø  Kino lost his humanity, when Juana tries to throw the pearl. He is overtaken by his dreams and has turned evil when he hits Juana’s face and kicks her in the side. He behaves violently towards his loving wife when evil controlled him. He was so obsess of the pearl until he could not think rationally at the moment.

Ø  There events in this story that shows people become evil out of greediness and they take revenge as to fulfill their evil desire. The event of burning down Kino’s brush hut by the pearl buyers shows humans do evil acts to harm someone. The attackers and trackers want to steal the pearl. The event of  Kino killing the three trackers  when his baby is accidently killed by them also show violence and evil actions.

6.       Struggle and sacrifices

Struggle and sacrifices are also portrayed by Juana and Kino in this novel.

Ø  Juana is worried and claims that the pearl is evil, so she made up her mind to throw away the pearl but Kino refuses. Juana did not give up and she determined to bring back peace and safety to her family. She throws the pearl into the sea but Kino prevented her.

Ø  Kino is being protective to his family. He offers to lead the trackers away in order to give safety to Juana and Coyotito.

Ø  Kino indentifies the pear  with his soul, “If I give it up I shall lose my soul.” The truth is opposite- in keeping the pearl , he is losing his soul, and only in the act of throwing it away will he be able to save his soul. When Kino finally regain back his consciousness, he throws the pearl  (his dream) into the sea.

THE MORAL VALUES IN THE PEARL

Moral values are values, lessons and behavior that are accepted as good and relevant by our society. Moral values are closely linked to the themes of the story.

1.       The importance of family ties

Ø  From the starting to the ending of the novel, Juana and Kino sticks together. Even in times of difficulties, such as when their house is burnt down, when they are hunted by the trackers and when their canoe is damaged , they still stick together.

**Lesson Learnt: love,support, patience and loyalty are needed to preserve family unity

Ø  Juana wakes up early in the morning to prepare breakfast. She also sucks out the poison from Coyotito’s shoulder and willing to stand by Kino even when she is bitten by him.

**Lesson Learnt: faithful, caring, loving are qualities that can nourish family ties.

Ø  When Coyotito is stung by the scorpion, Kino goes out in his canoe with Juana and Coyotito , hoping to find a pearl which he can sell to pay for Coyotito’s treatment . Kino is aware of his responsibility as  a father and a husband, he is willing to  go the sea in spite of the danger.

**Lesson Learnt: sacrifice and being responsible are qualities that can strengthen family ties.

Ø  Kino also maintains close ties with his brother, Juan Tomas. He brother walks with him to town but warns him about being cheated.  When Kino’s house is burnt down,  Kino turns to his brother who provides  his family shelter before they run away.

**Lesson Learnt: sharing problems to family members, be a consolable person

2.       Obsession that leads to greediness and exploitation

Ø     When Kino found the pearl, he become greed and wants to sell the pearl. He became obsess with pearl as he sees it as a way out of poverty. He ignores Juana’s pleas to get rid of the pearl for the sake of their safety. Due to his obsession, he changed from a loving and protective father and husband to a person who is aggressive and eventually he becomes too materialistic. He also hits Juana and commits murder. 

**Lesson Learnt: obsession can lead a person to think react aggressively , think carefully before retaliating.    

                                                   

Ø   After the discovery of the pearl, the doctor suddenly becomes concerned about Coyotito’s health. He pretends to treat him as he knows that Kino will be able to pay him now. He wants to make Kino feel indebted to him. He becomes hypocrite because of his greediness.  Even the pearl buyers try to cheat him as they are greedy.

**Lesson Learnt:  do not be greedy and year for things that do not belong to you.

Ø   After Kino found the pearl, the priest exploits his power of authority. He reminds Kino of his duty to the church and ensures that Kino will give money to the church for some repair work.  

**Lesson Learnt: do not misuse power of authority            

3.       Equality/  no discrimination

Ø  The doctor should treat everyone equally without discriminating the lower classes. He looks down on the Kino, his family and the villagers. He refuses to treat Coyotito as he considers himself as a doctor and not a veterinarian. Moreover he is unwilling to treat the baby, because he knows that Kino has no money.

**Lesson Learnt:  do not be status conscious.

Ø  The pear buyers treat Kino as an uneducated person. They take advantage on him as they know that Kino does not have enough knowledge about selling pearl. They offered him a very low price as they claim that the pearl is far too large and clumsy to be a thing of any value except to be kept in a museum.

**Lesson Learnt:  do not take advantage on the under privileged.

Ø  The priest looks down upon the Mexican-Indians. The priest advices them to remain as they are and he discourages them. Their poverty made them lead a hardship life without education. Instead of helping the villagers to improve their lives, the priest teaches them to remain where they are, they must never want more.

**Lesson Learnt: everyone show be treated equally and given the same opportunities in life.

4.       Compassion  and love

Ø  The discovery of the pearl by Kino, has made him “every man’s enemy”. The intruders ransacked and set Kino’s house on fire. They also damaged his canoe which he uses as a source of living. His enemies had no compassion towards him.

**Lesson Learnt:  Compassion can ease the hatred and envy

Ø  Juana  is portrayed as a white character that is pure and good. She reveals  her unconditional love and compassion through her actions. She reacts quickly when Coyotito is stung by the scorpion. She stands by Kino even after she was bitten by Kino because of her attempt to throw away the pearl. She is still strong enough to stand by Kino and withstand the pain and sadness when Coyotito is killed.

**Lesson Learnt: truelove is unconditional

Ø  Kino is willing to do anything for the sake of his love towards his wife and son. He wants to improve the quality of his family. He thinks of his family first when he found the pearl.

**Lesson Learnt: love and have compassion towards our family first

5.       Misconception

Ø  In the beginning of the novel, the pearl that Kino finds is described as large as being incandescent and as “perfect as the moon”; by the end of the novel, Kino looks at the pearl as “ ugly, gray, like a malignant growth.” Human nature tendency towards greed, deception and evil can cause something good and beautiful to become something bad and evil in both physical and mental ways.

**Lesson Learnt:  an object’s “quality” depends on the way people look at it and how people treat it.

Ø  Kino has dreams and hopes to build a bright future after he has possessed the pearl. He wants to give education to Coyotito, marry Juana at a church, buy new clothes for his family and buy a rifle and harpoon.  He thought the pearl will bring brightness in his life but instead it brought the darkness he never dreamt of.

**Lesson Learnt: do not overestimate, consider the consequences.

Ø  Juana tries to throw the pearl which she assumes as an object that brings evil. However, Kino was so obsess of the pearl until he stops Juana and beat her up. Kino did not think rationally  and had misconception towards Juana’s sincere help. She is intelligent because she knows exactly what to do.

**Lesson Learnt: do not jump into conclusions, the importance of wisdom

Trials and Tribulations : Wisdom and Benefits

1.      When a trial befalls you, realize the greatness of Allah

2.      When a trial befalls you, actualize the sincerity for Allah -There is no way to remove hardships except to turn to Allah “If Allah touch thee with affliction, none can remove it but He; if He touch thee with happiness, He hath power over all things.” (Al-Quran, 6:17)

3.      When a trial befalls you, return back to Allah -“When some trouble touches man he cries unto his Lord, turning to Him in repentance” (Al-Quran, 39:8)

4.      When a trial befalls you, don’t get angry, Control your anger. -“So We gave him the good news of a boy ready to suffer and forbear.” (Al-Quran, 37:101) -The Prophet (PBUH) said to Ashaj Abdul Qais, “You have to qualities that Allah loves, for bearing and deliberation” (Sahih Of Imam Muslim)

5.      Forgive the human who caused the trial/tribulation. -Allah says in the Quran “The recompense for an injury is an injury equal thereto (in degree): but if a person forgives and makes reconciliation, his reward is with Allah: for (Allah) loves not those who do wrong.” (Al-Quran, 42:40)

6.      Be patient and steadfast when trials come, because Allah loves the one who is patient. -Allah says in the Quran “And Allâh loves As-Sâbirun (the patient)” (Al-Quran, 3:146) -Allah farther states “Those who patiently persevere will truly receive a reward without measure!" (Al-Quran, 39:10)

7.      Be happy when the trial comes to you. -The prophet (PBUH) said “By the one whose hand is my soul, they would show joy on the onset of a calamity, as you show joy at time of ease” [Ibn majah, 424 : hakim ,119 : Authanticated by Al-Basni)

-Ibn Masud Said “Truly amazing are the two detested ones: death and poverty. They showed joy at the onset of a calamity because they knew full well that there in comparison between it's hardship and it's fruit and benefits. This situation is comparable to one who is cured from severe illness after drinking foul medicine”

8.      Know that hardship erases sins. -Allah Says in the Quran “Whatever misfortune happens to you, is because of the things your hands have wrought, and for many (of them) He grants forgiveness.” (Al-Quran, 42:30) -The prophet (PBUH) said, “The believer is not afflicted with illness or hardship even if it be worry that troubles him or a thorn him except that his sins would be expiated as a result of it” (Sahih of Imam Bukhair)

9.      Be nice to people that are going through trials. -A poet once said “The only one to show mercy upon the lovers is one who has loved”

10.  Understand the blessings of ease, because you only understand it when you loose it.

11.  Realize the hidden benefits that a trial contains. -Allah says in the Quran “O you who believe! You are forbidden to inherit women against their will, and you should not treat them with harshness, that you may take away part of the Mahr[] you have given them, unless they commit open illegal sexual intercourse. And live with them honourably. If you dislike them, it may be that you dislike a thing and Allâh brings through it a great deal of good.” (Al-Quran 4:19)

12.  Trial and tribulation protects one from arrogance. -when you are hit by a trial you realize how low you are. Allah says in the Quran,” And if Allah were to enlarge the provision for His slaves, they would surely rebel in the earth, but He sends down by measure as He wills. Verily! He is in respect of His slaves, the Well-Aware, the All-Seer (of things that benefit them).” (Al-Quran 42:27)

13.  Who are we not to get tested? -The prophet (PBUH) said “The example of a believer is like of a plant, the wind is always making it lean in one direction and then another, in the same way the believer is always afflicted with trials” (Sahih of Imam Bukhari)

14.  Hardship cause one to turn toward Allah and ease turns one away from Allah -this was the reason why the Sahabas wore modest clothing and ate little.

15.  Be content with the trial because this will lead to Allah’s pleasure, which is much batter then paradise and whatever it contains.

-“Allâh has promised the believers -men and women, - Gardens under which rivers flow to dwell therein forever, and beautiful mansions in Gardens of 'Adn (Eden Paradise). But the greatest bliss is the Good Pleasure of Allâh. That is the supreme success.” (Al-Quran 9:72)

Summarized from:

Trials and Tribulations : Wisdom and Benefits

By: al Imam al Izz bin Abdus Salam

Summary by: Brother Abdul Wahid Al-Basith

Characteristics of a Successful Muslim - Yahya ibn Mu`adh al-Razi

In the Name of Allah, the Benevolent, the Merciful

Yahya ibn Mu`adh al-Razi (Allah have mercy upon him), one of the great imams of the spiritual path from the early Muslims (salaf), said:

“Glad tidings be to a servant who has:

1. Made their occupation worship (`ibada);

2. Neediness (faqr) their longing;

3. Spiritual seclusion (`uzla) their desire;

4. The Hereafter their concern;

5. Seeking a living their means [f: rather than an end in itself];

6. Death their reflection (fikr);

7. Their intention busy with renunciation (zuhd);

8. Killed through abasement (dhull) their self-consequence (`izz);

9. Making their Lord their sole need;

10. Remembering their errors in their solitude (khalwa);

11. Sending forth in ecstasy their contemplation;

12. Complaining only to Allah regarding their strangeness (ghurba);

13. And asking through repentance for Allah’s Mercy.

Glad tidings be to one for whom these are their traits; whose regret is over their sins; ever-yearning in need by night and day; weeping before Allah in the depths of the night; calling upon the All-Merciful; seeking the Gardens of Paradise; and fearing the Fires of Hell.” [Related by Abu Nu`aym, Hilyat al-Awliya, 10.58]

William Shakespeare's immortal work of arts....

This small book was the first attempt at a collected edition of all Shakespeare's non-dramatic verse, including the sonnets. There are fewer than fifty surviving copies in the world.

A literature teacher said Willliam Shakespeare's literary  works captured the hearts of aristocrats and commoners alike.The king of literature, William Shakespeare studied only till 4th class and could not receive proper education due to poverty. But inspite of this he became king of literature and provided numerous new words to English language. A genius. Shakespeare wrote about 154 sonnets, most of them dedicated to his patron and friend, Earl of Southampton and some dedicated to a mysterious lady called dark lady with whom the poet was desperately in love but who betrayed him. There is reference to WH and dark lady in his poems and It is generally assumed that WH means William Herbert and Mary Fetton is the dark lady. The sonnets of Shakespeare are autobiographical and tell a story which is personal to the poet. The sonnets addressed to the Earl talk about immortality of art while as the sonnets addressed to dark lady talk about immortality of love..”

Amazingly William Shakespeare’s literary works are used widely in schools and educational institutions around the world until the present day although he died in 1616. Being a very distinguish playwright and actor,  he wrote dramatic and non-dramatic plays and insert poems in them. His sonnets deals with human emotion which touches the issues of love, beauty and immortality. The words he used reveal the human dimensions relating to the joy and sorrows of life which eventually creates a magnatic force where the readers get engaged in his beautiful, aesthetic works.Sonnet 18 is one of the sonnets of William Shakespeare which is used in the upper secondary level to test their critical and creative thinking skills.

The Road Not Taken

Robert Frost’s poems are  very interesting as they touch the nature revealing an appealing atmosphere and inviting comfort .  The Road not taken is of his poems which have themes that are related to us..... as we walk on the pathway of our lives.

Synopsis:

This poem is about the poet who is enjoying his walk in the woods. He came to a point where the road branched into two. He had to make a choice to choose which road to travel, so he stood there wondering which one to take. Then , he decided to choose the less travelled one. He hopes that he can return on the other day and explore the other road.  However, he did not get the chance to do so as the road he choose took him further and further in life. After many years, he looked back and ponders about his decision he had made many years ago. The choice he had made many years ago have brought a great influence upon his life(shaped his life) and eventually making him the man he is today.

Setting

It is autumn season and the leaves are changing colour (yellow). As we know autumn period of life is reflecting  the late middle age of life. Besides that it happens  in a lonely forest/woods in the countryside  one early morning. There are two roads running through the forest. At the beginning of the poem the persona is still young (flashback) and he has become much older when it reaches  the last stanza.

Themes

There are a few interesting themes:

o   The need to make choices in life

o   We have to choose between two equally good option wisely

o   The choice may make all the difference in our lives

o   As human beings, we most probably look back , wonder and regret that we are unable to choose both the options or choose the other option. (regret/sadness)

o   So, choose wisely and accept the challenges and consequences of the choice. Be bold, creative, original and adventurous in taking up challenges few people choose.  Be brave to explore the opportunities and possibilities that we face along the road we have chosen.  (satisfied/happiness)

Moral Values:

And below are the moral values that we can draw lessons from:

o   We have to take the opportunities that life has to offer us to make a choice

o   Think carefully before we make choices

o   We have to make the right choice and understand ourselves

o   Should not have the feeling of regret for our choice

o   If we make the right choice, we can have a contended life

o   Appreciate the beauty of nature

Tone: (poet’s attitude)

The tone of this poem are conversational, reflective, rich in wisdom, quiet, firm. From line 13 onwards= note of regret and in the end =satisfied

Mood:(inner feeling of the persona)

The mood of the poem shows  thoughtful and contemplative

Atmosphere :( external feeling of the happening)

The atmosphere reflects  loneliness and also  nostalgic

Below I extract some poetic devices  and figurative language used in the poem:

Poetic Devices

1.       Imagery

o   Lone traveller

o   Life as a journey (full of paths to explore)

o   Wood in the autumn (yellow)

o   Road (one is grassy & more appealing that the other

2.       Symbol

o   Yellow wood = represents life/ the maturity or mellowing of the individual

o   Yellow leaves= represents the rich experiences that life has to offer

o   In leaves no step had trodden black= shows that the leaves were not walked upon by anyone/the path is unexplored

o   Diverging road= symbolizes  two options that appear equally good

o   Journey along one of the road= symbolic of the journey one takes through life

 Figurative Language

o   Metaphor

        I.  The road is a metaphor for the journey of life

      II.  The two roads is compared to the two choices in life

    III.  The poet compares himself to a traveler

    IV.   The undergrowth at the end of one of the roads is the obstacles and challenges/ it is also hard to see what the future held for him

      V.  The grass on one of the roads had hardly been stepped on, it means not many people had chosen that kind of life

o   personification

        I.  the road= the choice in life

The Road Not Taken

TWO roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth;         5   Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same,         10   And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.         15   I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I— I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.